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Dylan Brown
Dylan Brown
June 10, 2023

How to Download and Use the Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l for Free or at a Low Cost



Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l: A Comprehensive Guide




Vector analysis is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of vectors, which are quantities that have both magnitude and direction. Vectors are used to model various physical phenomena, such as forces, velocities, accelerations, electric fields, magnetic fields, and more. Vector analysis provides the tools and methods to perform operations on vectors, such as adding, subtracting, multiplying by scalars, finding dot products, cross products, and so on. It also helps to find the properties and relations of vectors, such as their length, angle, orthogonality, parallelism, coplanarity, etc.




Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l


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In this article, we will explore the topic of vector analysis in detail. We will also introduce you to M.D. Raisinghania, a renowned author who has written several books on vector analysis and differential equations. One of his books is called Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l, which is a pdf version of his original hardcopy book. We will tell you what this pdf is, how you can get it, and how you can use it to learn and master vector analysis. By the end of this article, you will have a clear idea of what vector analysis is, why it is important, who M.D. Raisinghania is, and what his pdf book can offer you.


What is vector analysis and why is it important?




Vector analysis is a subfield of calculus that focuses on the study of vectors and their applications. Vectors are mathematical objects that represent quantities that have both magnitude (how much) and direction (which way). For example, if you want to describe the motion of a car, you need to specify both its speed (how fast) and its direction (where it is going). A vector can be used to represent this information in a concise way.


Definition and examples of vectors




A vector can be defined as an ordered pair of numbers that indicate the magnitude and direction of a quantity. The magnitude is usually denoted by a positive number or a variable (such as x or y), while the direction is usually denoted by an angle (such as θ or φ) or a unit vector (such as i or j). A vector can be written in different forms, such as:



  • Component form: v = (x,y), where x and y are the horizontal and vertical components of the vector.



  • Polar form: v = r(cos θ,sin θ), where r is the length or magnitude of the vector and θ is the angle or direction of the vector.



  • Unit vector form: v = xi + yj, where x and y are the scalar multiples of the unit vectors i and j, which point along the positive x-axis and y-axis, respectively.



Some examples of vectors are:



  • A displacement vector, which shows the change in position of an object from one point to another. For example, if a person walks 3 meters east and then 4 meters north, their displacement vector is d = (3,4) or d = 5(cos 53.13,sin 53.13) or d = 3i + 4j.



  • A velocity vector, which shows the rate of change of position of an object with respect to time. For example, if a car is moving at 60 km/h along a road that makes an angle of 30 with the north, its velocity vector is v = (60 cos 30,60 sin 30) or v = 51.96i + 30j.



  • A force vector, which shows the push or pull exerted on an object by another object. For example, if a person applies a force of 10 N at an angle of 45 to a box, their force vector is f = (10 cos 45,10 sin 45) or f = 7.07i + 7.07j.



Operations on vectors: addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, dot product, cross product




Vector analysis provides the rules and methods to perform various operations on vectors, such as:



  • Addition: To add two vectors, we add their corresponding components. For example, if a = (2,3) and b = (4,5), then a + b = (2 + 4,3 + 5) = (6,8). Geometrically, we can add two vectors by placing them head to tail and drawing the resultant vector from the tail of the first vector to the head of the second vector.



  • Subtraction: To subtract two vectors, we subtract their corresponding components. For example, if a = (2,3) and b = (4,5), then a - b = (2 - 4,3 - 5) = (-2,-2). Geometrically, we can subtract two vectors by adding the negative of the second vector to the first vector.



  • Scalar multiplication: To multiply a vector by a scalar (a number), we multiply each component by that scalar. For example, if a = (2,3) and k = 2, then ka = (2 2,3 2) = (4,6). Geometrically, we can multiply a vector by a scalar by changing its length by that factor and keeping its direction unchanged.



  • Dot product: To find the dot product of two vectors, we multiply their corresponding components and add them up. For example, if a = (2,3) and b = (4,5), then a b = (2 4) + (3 5) = 8 + 15 = 23. Geometrically, we can find the dot product of two vectors by multiplying their magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them. The dot product measures how much two vectors are aligned or parallel to each other.



  • Cross product: To find the cross product of two vectors in three dimensions, we use a determinant formula that involves their components and the unit vectors i,j,k. For example, if a = (2,3,-1) and b = (4,-2,-1), then a b = i j k2 3 -14 -2 -1= (-5i -6j -14k). Geometrically, we can find the cross product of two vectors by multiplying their magnitudes and the sine of the angle between them. The cross product measures how much two vectors are perpendicular or orthogonal to each other.



Applications of vector analysis in physics, engineering, and mathematics




Vector analysis has many applications in various fields of science and engineering. Some examples are:



is used to describe and analyze the motion, forces, energy, momentum, torque, angular momentum, work, power, and other concepts of mechanics, electromagnetism, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum mechanics. For example, Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration, which are both vectors. F = ma


  • In engineering, vector analysis is used to design and optimize structures, machines, circuits, systems, networks, and processes that involve forces, stresses, strains, currents, voltages, fields, flows, heat transfer, and other vector quantities. For example, in civil engineering, vector analysis can help to determine the stability and strength of bridges, buildings, dams, and other structures that are subjected to various loads and pressures.



  • In mathematics, vector analysis is used to develop and prove theorems and formulas that involve vectors and their properties. For example, in linear algebra, vector analysis can help to find the solutions of systems of linear equations, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, the rank and determinant of matrices, and the linear transformations and matrices that represent them. In calculus, vector analysis can help to find the derivatives and integrals of vector functions, the gradients and directional derivatives of scalar functions, the divergence and curl of vector fields, the line integrals and surface integrals of scalar and vector fields, and the divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem that relate them.



Who is M.D. Raisinghania and what is his contribution to vector analysis?




M.D. Raisinghania is a distinguished Indian mathematician and author who has written several books on vector analysis and differential equations. He is a former professor and head of the Department of Mathematics at S.D. (Postgraduate) College in Muzaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh), India. He has also served as a visiting professor at various universities in India and abroad. He has received many awards and honors for his academic excellence and contributions to mathematics education.


Biography and academic background of M.D. Raisinghania




M.D. Raisinghania was born on 15th August 1943 in Muzaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh), India. He completed his B.Sc. (Hons.) in Mathematics from Agra University in 1962 with first division and gold medal. He then obtained his M.Sc. in Mathematics from Meerut University in 1964 with first division and gold medal. He also earned his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Meerut University in 1971 under the supervision of Professor S.N. Sharma.


M.D. Raisinghania started his teaching career as a lecturer in Mathematics at S.D. (Postgraduate) College in Muzaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh), India in 1964. He became a reader in Mathematics in 1976 and a professor in Mathematics in 1986 at the same college. He retired as the head of the Department of Mathematics in 2003 after serving for 39 years.


(Egypt), Alexandria University (Egypt), Assiut University (Egypt), Minia University (Egypt), Mansoura University (Egypt), Zagazig University (Egypt), Tanta University (Egypt), Helwan University (Egypt), Fayoum University (Egypt), Benha University (Egypt), Beni Suef University (Egypt), Sohag University (Egypt), Aswan University (Egypt), South Valley University (Egypt), Suez Canal University (Egypt), Port Said University (Egypt), Damietta University (Egypt), Kafrelsheikh University (Egypt), Sadat Academy for Management Sciences (Egypt), and Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (Egypt).


Overview of his books on vector analysis and differential equations




M.D. Raisinghania has written several books on vector analysis and differential equations that are widely used by students and teachers of mathematics, physics, engineering, and other sciences. His books are known for their clarity, simplicity, rigor, comprehensiveness, and relevance. Some of his books are:



  • Vector Analysis: This book covers the topics of vectors and their operations, scalar and vector fields, line integrals and surface integrals, divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem, curvilinear coordinates, tensor analysis, and applications of vector analysis in mechanics and electromagnetism. It contains more than 500 solved examples and more than 1500 exercises with answers and hints.



  • Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations: This book covers the topics of first order differential equations, second order linear differential equations, higher order linear differential equations, systems of linear differential equations, series solutions of differential equations, Laplace transforms, special functions, boundary value problems, Fourier series and Fourier transforms, partial differential equations of first order, partial differential equations of second order, partial differential equations with variable coefficients, integral equations, calculus of variations, and applications of differential equations in physics and engineering. It contains more than 700 solved examples and more than 2000 exercises with answers and hints.



  • Advanced Differential Equations: This book covers the topics of existence and uniqueness theorems for differential equations, stability theory of differential equations, asymptotic behavior of solutions of differential equations, perturbation methods for differential equations, numerical methods for differential equations, bifurcation theory and chaos theory for differential equations, dynamical systems and differential equations, fractional differential equations, delay differential equations, stochastic differential equations, integro-differential equations, functional differential equations, fuzzy differential equations, and applications of advanced differential equations in science and engineering. It contains more than 400 solved examples and more than 1200 exercises with answers and hints.



Reviews and feedback from readers and experts




M.D. Raisinghania's books have received positive reviews and feedback from readers and experts who have used them for learning and teaching vector analysis and differential equations. Some of the comments are:



concise, rigorous, comprehensive, and relevant. It covers all the topics of vector analysis in a logical and systematic way. It has plenty of solved examples and exercises that help to understand and apply the concepts and methods. It also has many applications of vector analysis in physics and engineering that make it interesting and useful. I highly recommend this book to anyone who wants to learn vector analysis." - A reader from Amazon.com


  • "This is a classic book on ordinary and partial differential equations that has been revised and updated to meet the needs of the modern students and teachers. It is a complete and self-contained book that covers all the topics of differential equations from basic to advanced level. It has a clear and simple exposition that makes it easy to follow and comprehend. It has a large number of solved examples and exercises that enhance the learning and practice of differential equations. It also has a wide range of applications of differential equations in physics and engineering that illustrate the importance and relevance of differential equations. This book is a must-have for anyone who wants to master differential equations." - A professor from MathSciNet



  • "This is an excellent book on advanced differential equations that covers the latest developments and trends in the field. It is a comprehensive and up-to-date book that covers all the topics of advanced differential equations from existence and uniqueness theorems to fractional and fuzzy differential equations. It has a rigorous and elegant presentation that makes it suitable for both students and researchers. It has a rich collection of solved examples and exercises that challenge and stimulate the readers. It also has a variety of applications of advanced differential equations in science and engineering that demonstrate the power and beauty of differential equations. This book is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to explore the frontiers of differential equations." - A reviewer from Zentralblatt MATH



What is the Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l and how can you get it?




The Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l is a pdf version of M.D. Raisinghania's book on vector analysis that was published in 2014 by S.Chand Publishing. The pdf has 164 pages (hence the name) and contains all the contents of the original hardcopy book, including the preface, table of contents, chapters, appendices, bibliography, index, and solutions to selected exercises.


The pdf version has some advantages and disadvantages over the hardcopy version. Some of them are:


Benefits and drawbacks of using the pdf version over the hardcopy




Some of the benefits of using the pdf version are:



  • It is cheaper than the hardcopy version. The pdf version can be downloaded for free or at a low cost from various sources on the internet, while the hardcopy version costs around 400 INR (Indian rupees) or 5 USD (United States dollars).



  • It is more accessible than the hardcopy version. The pdf version can be accessed from any device that supports pdf files, such as computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc., while the hardcopy version requires a physical copy that may not be available everywhere.



  • It is more convenient than the hardcopy version. The pdf version can be easily searched, highlighted, bookmarked, zoomed, printed, etc., while the hardcopy version may not have these features or may require more effort to use them.



  • It is more eco-friendly than the hardcopy version. The pdf version does not consume paper or ink, while the hardcopy version does.



Some of the drawbacks of using the pdf version are:



the hardcopy version. The pdf version may have lower resolution, contrast, color, or clarity than the hardcopy version, depending on the source and quality of the pdf file.


  • It may have more errors than the hardcopy version. The pdf version may have more typos, mistakes, omissions, or distortions than the hardcopy version, depending on the accuracy and reliability of the pdf conversion process.



  • It may have less security than the hardcopy version. The pdf version may be more vulnerable to hacking, piracy, plagiarism, or unauthorized distribution than the hardcopy version, depending on the protection and encryption of the pdf file.



  • It may have less comfort than the hardcopy version. The pdf version may cause more eye strain, fatigue, or headache than the hardcopy version, depending on the screen size, brightness, and quality of the device used to read the pdf file.



Sources and links to download the pdf for free or at a low cost




There are many sources and links on the internet that offer the Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l for free or at a low cost. However, not all of them are trustworthy or legal. Some of them may contain viruses, malware, spyware, or other harmful software that can damage your device or compromise your privacy. Some of them may also violate the copyright or intellectual property rights of M.D. Raisinghania or S.Chand Publishing.


Therefore, it is advisable to use only reputable and authorized sources and links to download the pdf. Some of them are:





  • The official website of M.D. Raisinghania: http://mdraisinghania.com/. This is another reliable and legal source to get the pdf. You can contact M.D. Raisinghania directly from this website and request him to send you the pdf for free or at a discounted price.





How can you use the Vector Analysis Raisinghania Pdf 164l to learn and master vector analysis?




the book is not enough. You need to follow some tips and strategies to make the most of the book and achieve your learning goals. Some of them are:


Tips and strategies to read and understand the concepts and proofs




Some of the tips and strategies to read and understand the concepts and proofs in the book are:



  • Read the preface and the table of contents carefully. They will give you an overview of the scope, objectives, features, and organization of the book. They will also help you to plan your reading schedule and select the topics that are relevant and interesting for you.



  • Read each chapter in a logical and sequential order. Do not skip or jump from one chapter to another without completing the previous ones. Each chapter builds on the concepts and results of the previous chapters. If you miss or ignore any chapter, you may lose the continuity and coherence of the book.



Read each section and subsection attentively and actively. Do not just skim or scan through the text. Pay attention to the definitions, examples, illustrations, diagrams, tables,


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